全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2074篇 |
免费 | 272篇 |
国内免费 | 140篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 493篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 278篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
数学 | 366篇 |
物理学 | 1319篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 83篇 |
2013年 | 189篇 |
2012年 | 111篇 |
2011年 | 141篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 110篇 |
2008年 | 109篇 |
2007年 | 135篇 |
2006年 | 106篇 |
2005年 | 110篇 |
2004年 | 92篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 88篇 |
1999年 | 62篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 48篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2486条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
81.
The effects of air sparging (0–16 L min−1) and mechanical mixing (0–400 rpm) on enhancing the sonochemical degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated using a 28 kHz sonoreactor. The degradation of RhB followed pseudo first-order kinetics, where sparging or mixing induced a large sonochemical enhancement. The kinetic constant varied in three stages (gradually increased → increased exponentially → decreased slightly) as the rate of sparging or mixing increased, where the stages were similar for both processes. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained with sparging at 8 L min−1 or mixing at 200 rpm, where the standing wave field was significantly deformed by sparging and mixing, respectively. The cavitational oxidation activity was concentrated at the bottom of the sonicator when higher sparging or mixing rates were employed. Therefore, the large enhancement in the sonochemical oxidation was attributed mainly to the direct disturbance of the ultrasound transmission and the resulting change in the cavitation-active zone in this study. The effect of the position of air sparging and mixing was investigated. The indirect inhibition of the ultrasound transmission resulted in less enhancement of the sonochemical activity. Moreover, the effect of various sparging gases including air, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, and an Ar/O2 (8:2) mixture was compared, where all gases except CO2 induced an enhancement in the sonochemical activity, irrespective of the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The highest activity was obtained with the Ar/O2 (8:2) mixture. Therefore, it was revealed that the sonochemical oxidation activity could be further enhanced by applying gas sparging using the optimal gas. 相似文献
82.
W. Lindner H. Ruckendorfer W. Lechner W. Posch 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(2-4):235-249
Abstract In continuation of our work dealing with multicolumn HPLC (MC[sbnd]HPLC) we describe in this paper an on-line on-column fraction trapping technique based on effluent mixing. To a normal two-column switching set-up (in this case with two RP columns) an additional high-pressure pump gets inserted into the connection line between column A and column B via a low dead volume mixing tee. The in-line respectively off-line switching of pump B and the mobile phase B is time controlled by using a high pressure switching valve. With this set-up it is possible to mix on-line an effluent fraction from column A and transferred onto column B with a highly polar and pH-controlled (e.g. aqueous buffer) new effluent, to reduce or adjust significantly the overall elution strength of this mixed transferred solvent. Thus, several chromatographically effective possibilities can be created in a simple manner, which are for example: (a) pronounced peak compression respectively on-column concentration on column B; (b) due to low elution strength and/or pH adjustment during the trapping period on column B, increments to the overall selectivity of the column switching set-up can be added creating multidimensionality via mobile phase switching; (c) combining the heart cut with the effluent mixing technique enables analysis of trace peaks eluted on the back flank of an overloaded main peak. 相似文献
83.
Ch. Kishan Singh S. Ilango S. Dash A. K. Tyagi 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2013,45(5):895-900
We report a dose‐dependent phase evolution in Mo/Si bilayer system upon Ar+ ion beam irradiation and subsequent flash annealing at 800 °C for 60 s. Micro‐structural characterization with Grazing Incidence X‐ray Diffraction and Raman scattering reveals a dose‐dependent nucleation of polymorphic phases occurring at the amorphized interface region. The ion beam mixing process has been investigated by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. While low ion doses favour nucleation of only metastable MoSi2 phase, co‐existence of polymorphic phases are observed at high ion doses. The persistence of such polymorphic phases even after a high‐temperature anneal for high dose implanted specimen is indicative of phase retardation. The phase retardation of h‐MoSi2 to t‐MoSi2 is accounted in terms of nucleation and growth process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
The ring expansion reactions of unactivated alkynylcyclopropanes X‐C≡C‐C3H5 → X‐C=C4H5 (X = H, F, Cl, Me, OMe, NMe2, CMe3) were examined using the density functional theory calculations. All of the structures were completely optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. For clarify the effect of the cationic gold(I), we also added AuPH3+ as the catalyst into the system and the structures for Au were calculated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. The main finding of this work is that the singlet‐triplet splitting of X‐C≡C‐C3H5 play an important role in determining the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the unactivated ring expansion reactions. When X‐C≡C‐C3H5 with a smaller singlet‐triplet splitting is utilized, the reaction has a smaller activation energy and a larger exothermicity. 相似文献
85.
Arash Sarhangi Fard Martien A. Hulsen Han E. H. Meijer Navid M. H. Famili Patrick D. Anderson 《Macromolecular theory and simulations》2012,21(4):217-240
The application of the mapping method in finite element modeling is extended to quantitatively compare mixing in different twin‐screw extruder layouts. The mapping method provides volumetric quantities, which are crucial for the analysis and optimization of mixing based on the tracking of particles in the velocity field. A new approach to the mapping method is developed to analyze mixing in complex, dynamic open geometries. Several screw configurations and different types of conveying screws are compared, changing the pitch and gap widths. The volume‐weighted intensity of segregation is used as a mixing measure.
86.
87.
88.
使用脉冲光在室温下抽运一根长1 m 的高非线性光子晶体光纤, 产生了中心波长分别位于830 nm 和1411 nm的具有量子关联性的闲频与信号光子. 实验中闲频和信号通道的带宽分别是15 nm和35 nm. 对单通道光子计数率的拟合结果显示光子几乎全部来源于光纤中的自发四波混频过程, 未受到Raman散射噪声的影响. 当闲频和信号通道的光子产生率约为每脉冲0.0085个时, 测得符合计数率与随机符合计数率的比值为102, 接近理论极限, 不仅证明了光子对的低噪声性, 而且表明所产生的光子对本身具有窄带频谱特性, 因而实验中对其收集效率很高. 此外, 这种高纯度关联光子对还联接了不同波段, 在量子信息技术中有着潜在的应用. 相似文献
89.
90.
多波长转换对于增强波分复用光网络的灵活性具有重要意义。基于光子晶体光纤中的多四波混频原理,实现了4×10 Gbit/s全光波长转换,深入调查了泵浦功率、光纤长度、信号光与泵浦光偏振失配对波长转换信号质量的影响。结果表明:当泵浦光功率从6 dBm到20 dBm增长的过程中,转换信号Q因子随泵浦光功率增大而增大,最大为82.01,光纤长度从50 m到120 m变化过程中,转换信号Q因子最大为57.41,而随着信号光与泵浦光偏振失配角的增大,转换信号Q因子逐渐降低,当失配角大于60°后,转换信号质量急剧下降。 相似文献